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Menggunakan Apache Sebagai Proxy dan Load Balancer

·3 mins·
Apache Apache Ubuntu
Table of Contents

Load balancing adalah proses pendistribusian lalu lintas (traffic) ke beberapa server backend untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan (High Availability / HA) dan skalabilitas. Selain menggunakan HAProxy, Anda dapat memanfaatkan modul proxy dalam Apache sehingga tidak perlu menginstal layanan tambahan.

Mengaktifkan Modul Apache
#

Aktifkan modul-modul proxy dan load balancer berikut:

a2enmod proxy proxy_ajp proxy_http rewrite deflate headers proxy_balancer proxy_connect proxy_html lbmethod_byrequests

Konfigurasi Reverse Proxy
#

Buat atau edit file konfigurasi virtual host:

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/web.conf

Contoh konfigurasi dasar dengan dukungan WebSocket:

# -----------------------------
# HTTP → HTTPS REDIRECT
# -----------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName yourserver.com

    <Location "/.well-known/acme-challenge/">
        DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html
    </Location>

    Redirect permanent / https://yourserver.com/
</VirtualHost>

# -----------------------------
# HTTPS VirtualHost
# -----------------------------
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName yourserver.com
    ServerAdmin webmaster@yourserver.com

    # SSL/TLS Hardening
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/yourserver.com-combined.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/yourserver.com.key

    SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1.2 +TLSv1.3
    SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
    SSLHonorCipherOrder On
    SSLCompression Off
    SSLSessionCache shmcb:/var/log/apache2/ssl_gcache(512000)
    SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300

    # Security Headers
    Header always set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
    Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
    Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
    Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
    Header always set Permissions-Policy "camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()"
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

    # Compression
    <IfModule mod_deflate.c>
        AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css application/javascript application/json image/svg+xml
    </IfModule>

    # Proxy Settings
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    ProxyTimeout 300
    ConnectionTimeout 10

    # WebSocket / Socket.IO Support
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Connection} "Upgrade" [NC]
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} websocket [NC]
    RewriteRule /(.*) "ws://127.0.0.1:30000/$1" [P,L]

    # Exclude /.well-known from proxy
    <Location "/.well-known">
        ProxyPass !
    </Location>

    # Main Proxy
    <Location />
        ProxyPass http://127.0.0.1:30000/ timeout=300
        ProxyPassReverse http://127.0.0.1:30000/
    </Location>

    # Logging
    SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/health$" dontlog
    SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/favicon\.ico$" dontlog
    
    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/yourserver.com.err
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/yourserver.com.log combined env=!dontlog
</VirtualHost>

Konfigurasi Load Balancing
#

Untuk menggunakan fitur load balancing di Apache, definisikan balancer dan daftar server backend:

# -----------------------------
# BALANCER CONFIGURATION
# -----------------------------
<Proxy "balancer://mycluster">
    # Backend 1
    BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8080 retry=5 timeout=15

    # Backend 2
    BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8081 retry=5 timeout=15

    # Load balancing method (byrequests / bytraffic / bybusyness / heartbeat)
    ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests

    # Enable sticky session (JSESSIONID example)
    # Replace with your app's session cookie.
    # ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID

    # Health Check
    ProxySet status=+H
</Proxy>

# -----------------------------
# HTTP → HTTPS REDIRECT
# -----------------------------
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName yourserver.com

    <Location "/.well-known/acme-challenge/">
        DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html
    </Location>

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ https://yourserver.com/$1 [L,R=301]
</VirtualHost>

# -----------------------------
# HTTPS VIRTUALHOST WITH BALANCER
# -----------------------------
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName yourserver.com

    # SSL Certificates
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourserver.com/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourserver.com/privkey.pem
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
    SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5
    RequestReadTimeout header=20-40,MinRate=500 body=20,MinRate=500

    ProxyPreserveHost On
    ProxyTimeout 300
    ConnectionTimeout 10
    SSLProxyEngine On

    # Security Headers
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
    Header always set X-Frame-Options "DENY"
    Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
    Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin"
    Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

    # WebSocket support
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Connection} "Upgrade" [NC]
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} websocket [NC]
    RewriteRule /(.*)  ws://balancer://mycluster/$1  [P,L]

    # Exclude /.well-known from proxy
    <Location "/.well-known">
        ProxyPass !
    </Location>

    # Routing HTTP traffic to balancer
    ProxyPass        / balancer://mycluster/
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://mycluster/

    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/web-error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/web-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Sesuaikan address backend (8080, 8081, dll.) dengan aplikasi Anda.

Restart Apache
#

Setelah konfigurasi selesai, restart Apache agar perubahan diterapkan:

systemctl restart apache2

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